ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the etiology, genotype and molecular characteristics of acute viral gastroenteritis in Quanzhou from 2014 to 2017.@*Methods@#Specimens from 15 outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis in Quanzhou area from 2014 to 2017 were collected and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect norovirus GI and GII, sapovirus, astrovirus and rotavirus, and the result were statistically analyzed. Furthermore, specimens positive for norovirus was further subjected to the amplification and sequencing of polymerase and VP1 genes of norovirus, and sequences were analyzed using DNAstar and MEGA7.0 software.@*Results@#In this study, 96 specimens from 15 outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis were collected, and norovirus was detected in 30 specimens with a positive rate of 31.25%, among which 23 specimens were genotype GII and 7 specimens genotype GI. Meanwhile, 10 specimens were randomly selected for nucleic acid sequence analysis. The result showed that 9 of them were GII.P16/GII.2 and 1 was GI.6. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the new recombinant norovirus subtype GII.P16/GII.2 was highly homologous to the same subtype detected in outbreaks home and abroad recently.@*Conclusions@#The main pathogens caused the outbreak of acute viral gastroenteritis in Quanzhou from 2014 to 2017 were norovirus belonging to subtype GII.P16/GII.2 and subtype GI.6, and subtype GII.P16/GII.2 was the predominant strain which was found for the first time in Quanzhou.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the distribution and the molecular biological characteristics of variant subtypes (H5, H7 and H9) of avian influenza virus (AIV) in the live poultry related external environment of Quanzhou form 2014 to 2017, and provide regional references for the prevention, control and early-warning of human infections.@*Methods@#Samples from monitoring sites of live poultry were collected in Quanzhou from 2014 to 2017. Influenza A and variant subtypes of AIV (H5, H7 and H9) were detected by real time RT-PCR, and the detection results were further analyzed statistically. Furthermore, the HA and NA genes of four representative H7N9 strains were sequenced, and the results were further analyzed with DNAstar and MEGA7.0.@*Results@#Among the samples from external environment, the positive rate of nucleic acid of influenza A was 29.04% (377/1 289), of which the positive rates of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes were 3.80%, 13.34% and 12.02%, respectively. The positive rate of H7N9 was higher than those of the other subtypes in all monitored years, of which the highest rate was found in 2017 (21.88%). As to the different types of samples, chopping board possessed the highest positive rate of influenza A (65.4%), followed by waste water (59.3%) and drinking water for the poultry (29.6%). Among the different monitoring sites, the positive rate of poultry farm is 6.94%, far lower than that in the open air (61.7%) and the live poultry trading market (52.8%). Sequencing of the HA and NA genes of four strains of H7N9 showed that the strains from external environment and the strains from H7N9 patients belonged to Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta lineage, respectively. The cleavage sites of HA proteins of these four strains were all PKGR/G without highly pathogenic mutation. Meanwhile, they were low pathogenic H7N9 without oseltamivir resistant mutation (R292 K in NA), while they all possessed the E627 K mutation in the PB2 genes associated with virulence.@*Conclusions@#H7N9 AIV existed in the live poultry related external environment of Quanzhou, especially the farmers’ and the live poultry trading market, so that more persistent surveillance could be needed in the future.
ABSTRACT
Objective To know the anxiety status of preschool children in rural areas and to explore its influential factors. Methods Subjects of 1363 rural preschool children aged 3-6 years were selected from Anhui Province( Changfeng and Feixi county of Hefei city; Qianshan county of Anqing city; Funan county of Fuyang city) . The primary caregivers of preschool children were investigated by Chinese version of Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (SPAS),Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers (DECA-P2) ,Neglect Norms for Children Aged 3 to 6 Years in Rural Areas of China,Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection Resolve (APGAR),Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-rating depression (SDS). Result-s Among the 1363 preschool children,the positive rate of anxiety was 14. 7％. Physical injury fears score was highest (1. 24±0. 84),followed by social phobia anxiety (0. 86±0. 75) and separation anxiety (0. 85± 0. 74) . Except for obsessive compulsive disorder,the other four types of anxiety and total anxiety scores were negatively correlated with the total protective factors of mental resilience (r=-0. 054- -0. 070,P<0. 05). Besides,all anxiety scores were positively correlated with behavioral problems(r=0. 121-0. 237,P<0. 05)and neglect degree (r=0. 157-0. 269,P<0. 05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis of different anxiety types showed that gender,family type,family income status,parental rearing pattern was consistent or inconsistent,children' s neglect degree,behavior problem and anxiety/depression status of primary caregivers were the main factors affecting the anxiety level of preschool children in rural areas. Conclusions In order to reduce or avoid anxiety of preschool children,it is necessary to establish a good family environment,im-prove parents' upbringing level,and take effective education intervention.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms, trends on its longitudinal development and related influencing factors among primary and middle school students in Changfeng county of Anhui province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through cluster sampling methods, all students from 3 to 9 grades in 5 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Changfeng county of Anhui province were investigated through questionnaire as subjects of baseline survey in December 2009. Subjects of this longitudinal study were students in grades 3, 4 and 7 at the time of the baseline survey and were contacted once a year for two years. At last, a total of 816 students participated in all the three surveys. A structured questionnaire including Children's Depression Inventory, socio-demographic characteristics and some potential influential factors was employed for this study. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to evaluate the related influencing factors of children's depressive symptoms in the longitudinal study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were 11.3% , 10.4% and 8.5% , respectively, at the baseline, 1-year and 2-year follow-up studies, among primary and middle school students. Scores on depressive symptoms of total subjects and children who had always been left at home in the follow-up process showed significant differences at the three surveys (F = 13.423, P < 0.001; F = 5.761, P = 0.003). 25 percent of the 92 students who showed depressive symptoms at the baseline survey remained those depressive symptoms at the 1-year follow-up study and 87 percent of the 23 students who had depressive symptoms at the baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys still showing depressive symptoms at the 2-year follow-up study. Results from the GEE program indicated that grade 3 students, having syblings, family with dysfunction or at low level of self-esteem etc., were prone to development while sex and parents' educational level were not correlated with depressive symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prevalence of depressive symptoms among primary and middle school students in Changfeng county of Anhui province appeared a decreasing tendency during the follow-up process in our study. Through the longitudinal development, we noticed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms seemed to be related to the personal characteristics, education and family environment of the subjects under our study. Improving the level of family function as well as individual's self-esteem might positively contribute to mental health of those primary and middle school students.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , China , Epidemiology , Depression , Epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Students , PsychologyABSTRACT
Objective To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms,trends on its longitudinal development and related influencing factors among primary and middle school students in Changfeng county of Anhui province. Methods Through cluster sampling methods,all students from 3 to 9 grades in 5 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Changfeng county of Anhui province were investigated through questionnaire as subjects of baseline survey in December 2009. Subjects of this longitudinal study were students in grades 3,4 and 7 at the time of the baseline survey and were contacted once a year for two years. At last,a total of 816 students participated in all the three surveys. A structured questionnaire including Children’s Depression Inventory,socio-demographic characteristics and some potential influential factors was employed for this study. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to evaluate the related influencing factors of children’s depressive symptoms in the longitudinal study. Results Prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were 11.3%,10.4% and 8.5%,respectively,at the baseline,1-year and 2-year follow-up studies, among primary and middle school students. Scores on depressive symptoms of total subjects and children who had always been left at home in the follow-up process showed significant differences at the three surveys (F=13.423,P<0.001;F=5.761,P=0.003). 25 percent of the 92 students who showed depressive symptoms at the baseline survey remained those depressive symptoms at the 1-year follow-up study and 87 percent of the 23 students who had depressive symptoms at the baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys still showing depressive symptoms at the 2-year follow-up study. Results from the GEE program indicated that grade 3 students,having syblings,family with dysfunction or at low level of self-esteem etc.,were prone to development while sex and parents’ educational level were not correlated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Prevalence of depressive symptoms among primary and middle school students in Changfeng county of Anhui province appeared a decreasing tendency during the follow-up process in our study. Through the longitudinal development,we noticed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms seemed to be related to the personal characteristics,education and family environment of the subjects under our study. Improving the level of family function as well as individual’s self-esteem might positively contribute to mental health of those primary and middle school students.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms,trends on its longitudinal development and related influencing factors among primary and middle school students in Changfeng county of Anhui province. Methods Through cluster sampling methods,all students from 3 to 9 grades in 5 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Changfeng county of Anhui province were investigated through questionnaire as subjects of baseline survey in December 2009. Subjects of this longitudinal study were students in grades 3,4 and 7 at the time of the baseline survey and were contacted once a year for two years. At last,a total of 816 students participated in all the three surveys. A structured questionnaire including Children’s Depression Inventory,socio-demographic characteristics and some potential influential factors was employed for this study. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to evaluate the related influencing factors of children’s depressive symptoms in the longitudinal study. Results Prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were 11.3%,10.4% and 8.5%,respectively,at the baseline,1-year and 2-year follow-up studies, among primary and middle school students. Scores on depressive symptoms of total subjects and children who had always been left at home in the follow-up process showed significant differences at the three surveys (F=13.423,P<0.001;F=5.761,P=0.003). 25 percent of the 92 students who showed depressive symptoms at the baseline survey remained those depressive symptoms at the 1-year follow-up study and 87 percent of the 23 students who had depressive symptoms at the baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys still showing depressive symptoms at the 2-year follow-up study. Results from the GEE program indicated that grade 3 students,having syblings,family with dysfunction or at low level of self-esteem etc.,were prone to development while sex and parents’ educational level were not correlated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Prevalence of depressive symptoms among primary and middle school students in Changfeng county of Anhui province appeared a decreasing tendency during the follow-up process in our study. Through the longitudinal development,we noticed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms seemed to be related to the personal characteristics,education and family environment of the subjects under our study. Improving the level of family function as well as individual’s self-esteem might positively contribute to mental health of those primary and middle school students.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the influence of dexamethasone on the gene expression profiling of PBMCs from patients with internal heat due to Yin deficiency-type SLE. Methods The PBMCs from 3 patients with internal heat due to Yin deficiency-type SLE were incubated with dexamethasone of 10-6 g/L for 48 hours followed by the detection of gene expression profiling of PBMCs by a GeneChip. Results The incubation with dexamethasone upregulated the expressions of 85 genes and downregulated those of 126 genes in PBMCs from the SLE patients. Conclusions Dexamethasone can regulate the expressions of numerous clusters of genes in PBMCs from patients with internal heat due to Yin deficiency-type SLE, and functional proteins encoded by these genes are located at various organelles and regions of cells. Not all the results of gene regulation by dexamethasone favor the relief of SLE. To study the regulation of genes may be beneficial to the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone on SLE.
ABSTRACT
Objective To obtain the information of the 2009 influenza outbreak and the variations of influenza virus strains in quanzhou, and explore the relationship between the genetic variation of influenza virus and influenza epidemic. Methods During the influenza outbreak in quanzhou,one hundred and ninetyeight throat swabs specimens from the patients with influenza were collected. Viruses were isolated with MDCK cells and identified with serological test, followed by real-time RT-PCR. RNA of four influenza virus strains were extracted, then HA1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The purified PCR products were sequenced. The data were analyzed with the software DNAstar megalign. Results Total 98 pieces of H3N2 subtype influenza virus nucleic acid were detected in 198 throat swabs specimens,among which 62 influenza virus strains were identified as subtype influenza A( H3N2 ). The sequencing results of HA1 gene in these positive strains showed that their genetic characterization were more closed to strains A/Ningbo/333/2008 with a nucleotide homology of 98.7%, which was 96.8% as compared with A/Xiamen/70/2004. The amino acids sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences in HA1 region of the isolated strain had 7 mutant sites compared with A/Brisbane/10/2007 vaccine strain. One variant amino acids were found located in the antigenic determinant sites A( 144 ), two were in the sites B( 158,189 ). Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the difference in HAl domain. Conclusion The influenza virus strains causing the flu outbreak among some communities of quanzhou in 2009 are subtype influenza A ( H3N2 ), whose genetic characterization and antigenicity were different from the vaccine strain.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influenza H1N1 virus surveillance of 2009 in Quanzhou,and analyze the HA and NA gene of influenza H1N1 virus, explore its genetic variation and molecular characteristics. Methods During the influenza H1N1 virus surveillance in Quanzhou,specimens of throat swabs from the patients with influenza were collected, and detected by real-time RT-PCR. Viruses were isolated with MDCK cells and identified with serological test. Two influenza virus isolates were extracted, and their HA and NA genes were amplified by RT-PCR. The purified PCR products were sequenced. The data obtained were analyzed with the software DNAMAN. Results Of 1020, influenza H1N1 virus RNA was detected in 200 specimens, seasonal influenza virus RNA was detected in 70 specimens. A total of 29 influenza A H1N1 virus strains were isolated. The nucleotide homology in the HA gene was highly homologous with that of pandemic influenza virus in North America. The amino acids sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences in HA region of the isolated strain had 22 variations compared with A/Brisbane/59/2007 vaccine strain recommend by WHO,the characteristics of α2,6 sialic acid receptor binding remained. The analysis of amino acids sequences of NA indicated that this virus possessed Oseltamivir sensitivity. Conclusion The causative influenza H1N1 strains in Quanzhou is highly homologous with that of pandemic influenza in North America, and it is antigenically and genetically different from the vaccine strain.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of survivin in keloid, and its significance in the development of keloid. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from 25 patients with keloid (12 males and 13 females, aging from 4 to 44 years with a disease course of 1-18 years), and 15 normal skin samples obtained from surgical operation served as the controls. Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (SABC) method was applied to detect the expression of survivin in these samples. Results No expressin of survivin was observed in normal controls, while it was expressed in 80.0% (20/25) of the keloid samples with the predominant distribution in fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The positivity rates of survivin were 57.14% (4/7), 81.81% (9/11) and 100% (7/7) in tissues of low-grade, moderate-grade and high-grade keloid, respectively, with no significant difference among the three groups (P = 0.133 ). Similarly, no signifi- cant difference was observed in the positivity rate of survivin between recurrent patients and untreated patients (90.91% (10/11 ) vs 71.43% (10/14), P = 0.341 ). Conclusion Survivin might play a role in the development of keloid.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To give an overview of our hospital′s actual infection situation and provide scientific data for nosocomial infection management.METHODS With a cross-sectional study,the infection rate was investigated.RESULTS The infection rate was 2.39%,and the most common infection site was lower respiratory tract(50.00%);the department of neurosurgory was with the highest infection rate;the risk factors for NI included: respiratory ventilator,tracheotomy,blood vessel catheter and indwelling catheter.CONCLUSIONS The departments with the higher infection rate should be given enhancing surveillance.Cleaning and antisepsis of environment,procedures of aseptico skills,compliance of washing hands and antibiotics management should be strengthened.